FLU: Infection with influenza viruses. It is transmitted from person to person by breathing in droplets released into the air when people with the flu talk, sneeze or cough, contact with contaminated surfaces, and through hands. Being in the same environment with people who have the flu (one meter in diameter) is considered contact. It can remain viable for 2-8 hours on infected surfaces.
HIV Infection and AIDS
HIV: HIV is a virus that attacks the body's natural defense system, the immune system. HIV, which attacks the immune system, is an infection that makes it difficult for the body to fight disease. There is a drug treatment available that slows or stops the damage HIV does to the immune system. If left untreated, it will lead to a collapse of the immune system and subsequently to AIDS, the 'acquired immunodeficiency syndrome'.
Travel Polyclinic
The risks associated with international travel vary according to the characteristics of the passenger (age, gender, health status, etc.) and the nature of the journey (route, purpose, duration, etc.). The risks of ill-health outcomes can be reduced by appropriate preventive measures and special precautions, pre-travel vaccinations.
Meningitis, Encephalitis
Meningitis is a serious bacterial infection caused by inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain, which, if not treated at an early stage, can result in hearing loss, brain damage and death. Among the most important symptoms of meningitis in children and adults are high fever, severe headache, weakness, loss of appetite, neck pain or stiffness, confusion, drowsiness, vomiting, inability to look at bright light, spots on the skin that do not fade with pressure, convulsions.
Some types of viruses can cause a milder picture of meningitis, and head trauma can also cause the disease. However, bacterial meningitis is a serious medical condition and can result in a high rate of death if left untreated. The best way to prevent meningitis is to get vaccinated.
Diabetic Foot
Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease in which blood sugar is high due to a deficiency in the insulin hormone or a disorder in the effect of this hormone. The disease can cause negative consequences such as eye, kidney, vascular involvement, loss of sense of sensation in humans. Another problem caused by this disease is defined as “Diabetic foot” and it appears as hard-to-heal wounds on the feet of diabetics. Due to the susceptibility to infection in these patients, a small wound on the foot can easily become inflamed and “Diabetic Foot Infection” may occur.
In the treatment of diabetic foot wounds, the patient should be evaluated by a team consisting of Internal Medicine, Orthopedics, Cardiovascular Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hyperbaric Medicine and Infectious Diseases clinics. Appropriate antibiotic therapy should be initiated in the presence of foot infection. The parts called "dead tissue" in the wound area should be removed from the wound area by surgical methods. The wound area should be dressed regularly. Appropriate diet and insulin therapy should be arranged so that the blood sugar levels of the patients are normal. In addition, as pressing on the wound will delay healing, orthopedic measures should be taken to prevent pressure.
Febrile Neutropenia
Febrile neutropenia is an oral temperature measurement higher than 38.3°C in a neutropenic patient without any environmental factor. Neutropenia usually occurs as a side effect of chemotherapy during the treatment of a malignant disease. The severity of neutropenia is variable, sometimes so severe that chemotherapy should be delayed. Sometimes, it may require dose adjustment in later chemotherapy. Different pathogens can cause infectious complications in febrile neutropenia. The pathogens that are often responsible for infections in the early stages are bacteria.
The patient diagnosed with febrile neutropenia should be evaluated in terms of foci of infection as soon as possible, and microbiological examinations should be performed to reveal the source of infection.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are transmitted from an infected individual to a healthy individual through sexual contact. The most common mode of transmission in STDs is unprotected sexual intercourse. The greater the number of sexual partners, the greater the risk of acquiring any sexually transmitted disease. It is dangerous to have sexual intercourse with more than one person and to have sexual relations with people who have other spouses.
Sexually transmitted diseases can also affect your family. For this reason, when you are faced with any symptoms after sexual intercourse, you should definitely evaluate the symptoms. For example, if one of the spouses has one of these diseases, the other spouse and the child that may be born may also be at risk of carrying the same disease. In order to be protected from sexually transmitted diseases, it is necessary to know what they are and how to protect them.
Osteomyelitis, Septic Arthritis
Osteomyelitis is defined as an infection of the bone. Many microorganisms can cause osteomyelitis. Osteomyelitis can result from hematogenous spread, direct inoculation, or infection of the infectious focus. Although the diagnosis of osteomyelitis is not very difficult, in some cases it is necessary to use various laboratory methods to make the differential diagnosis, radiological, biochemical and microbiological methods are used to help reach the clinical diagnosis.
Urinary Tract Infections
Urinary tract infections are so common that they occur in 1 in 5 women during their lifetime. 2% of children develop urinary tract infections.
The urinary tract produces and stores urine, one of the body's liquid waste products. Normal urine does not contain bacteria. However, sometimes bacteria enter the urinary tract and cause an infection. Infection may involve the urethra (a condition called urethritis), the kidneys (a condition called pyelonephritis), or the bladder (a condition called cystitis). Cystitis is the most common type of urinary tract infection.
Soft Tissue and Skin Infections
Bacteria, viral diseases, fungi, and parasites cause skin infections. The most common skin infections are cellulitis, erysipelas and impetigo. The skin infection can easily spread between people by sharing items such as towels, bedding, and clothes. It can also develop with exposure of the affected skin to aqueous environments. Even contaminated objects can spread infection to the skin.
The use of immunosuppressant or corticosteroid drugs also increases the likelihood of developing a skin infection. Redness, edema, discharge and wound on the rapidly growing and enlarging skin well characterize the skin infection. Skin infections can be easily treated with several methods. Removal of foreign organisms from the body is the most important task in the treatment of these infections.
